AstronomicalConstants class
Astronomical and astrophysical constants with their respective units.
All constants are based on IAU (International Astronomical Union) recommendations and recent astronomical measurements.
References:
- IAU 2015 Resolution B3: https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf
- NASA Planetary Fact Sheets: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/
- CODATA 2018 values for fundamental constants
Properties
- hashCode → int
-
The hash code for this object.
no setterinherited
- runtimeType → Type
-
A representation of the runtime type of the object.
no setterinherited
Methods
-
noSuchMethod(
Invocation invocation) → dynamic -
Invoked when a nonexistent method or property is accessed.
inherited
-
toString(
) → String -
A string representation of this object.
inherited
Operators
-
operator ==(
Object other) → bool -
The equality operator.
inherited
Static Methods
-
escapeVelocity(
Mass bodyMass, Length bodyRadius) → Speed - Calculates the escape velocity from the surface of a celestial body.
-
orbitalPeriod(
Length semiMajorAxis, Mass centralMass) → Time - Calculates the orbital period of a body around a central mass using Kepler's third law.
-
orbitalVelocity(
Mass centralMass, Length orbitalRadius) → Speed - Calculates the velocity for a circular orbit at a given radius from a central mass.
-
schwarzschildRadius(
Mass mass) → Length - Calculates the Schwarzschild radius (event horizon) for a given mass.
-
surfaceGravity(
Mass bodyMass, Length bodyRadius) → Acceleration - Calculates the gravitational acceleration at the surface of a celestial body.
Constants
- ageOfUniverse → const Time
- Age of the universe. Value: 4.35×10¹⁷ s ≈ 13.8 billion years.
- astronomicalUnit → const Length
- Astronomical Unit (AU). Value: 149,597,870.7 km (exact by IAU definition).
- chandrasekharLimit → const Mass
- Chandrasekhar limit. Value: 2.785×10³⁰ kg ≈ 1.4 M☉.
- cmbTemperature → const Temperature
- Cosmic microwave background temperature. Value: 2.72548 K.
- criticalDensity → const double
- Critical density of the universe. Value: 9.47×10⁻²⁷ kg/m³.
- earthEscapeVelocity → const Speed
- Escape velocity from Earth's surface. Value: 1.119×10⁴ m/s ≈ 11.19 km/s.
- earthMass → const Mass
- Earth mass (M⊕). Value: 5.9722×10²⁴ kg.
- earthMoonDistance → const Length
- Earth-Moon distance (semi-major axis). Value: 3.844×10⁸ m.
- earthOrbitalVelocity → const Speed
- Earth's mean orbital velocity. Value: 29.78 km/s. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.
- earthPolarRadius → const Length
- Earth polar radius. Value: 6.35675×10⁶ m.
- earthRadius → const Length
- Earth equatorial radius (R⊕). Value: 6.37814×10⁶ m.
- galacticCenterDistance → const Length
- Galactic center distance. Value: 2.615×10²⁰ m ≈ 26,000 ly.
- geostationaryOrbitRadius → const Length
- Geostationary orbit radius, measured from Earth's center. Value: 42,164 km. The altitude at which an object's orbital period matches Earth's rotational period.
- hubbleConstant → const Frequency
- Hubble constant (H₀). Value: 67.4 km/(s⋅Mpc) ≈ 2.18×10⁻¹⁸ s⁻¹.
- jupiterMass → const Mass
- Jupiter mass (MJ). Value: 1.898×10²⁷ kg.
- jupiterRadius → const Length
- Jupiter radius (equatorial). Value: 7.1492×10⁷ m. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.
- lightYear → const Length
- Light Year (ly). Value: 9.4607304725808×10¹⁵ m.
- marsMass → const Mass
- Mars mass. Value: 6.39×10²³ kg.
- marsRadius → const Length
- Mars radius (mean). Value: 3.3895×10⁶ m. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.
- mercuryMass → const Mass
- Mercury mass. Value: 3.301×10²³ kg.
- mercuryRadius → const Length
- Mercury radius (mean). Value: 2.4397×10⁶ m. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.
- milkyWayMass → const Mass
- Milky Way mass. Value: ~1.5×10¹² M☉ ≈ 2.98×10⁴² kg.
- moonMass → const Mass
- Moon mass. Value: 7.342×10²² kg.
- moonRadius → const Length
- Moon radius. Value: 1.737×10⁶ m.
- neptuneMass → const Mass
- Neptune mass. Value: 1.024×10²⁶ kg.
- neptuneRadius → const Length
- Neptune radius (equatorial). Value: 2.4764×10⁷ m. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.
- observableUniverseRadius → const Length
- Observable universe radius. Value: 4.40×10²⁶ m ≈ 46.5 billion ly.
- parsec → const Length
- Parsec (pc). Value: 3.0856775814913673×10¹⁶ m.
- planckLength → const Length
- Planck length. Value: 1.616255×10⁻³⁵ m.
- planckMass → const Mass
- Planck mass. Value: 2.176434×10⁻⁸ kg.
- planckTime → const Time
- Planck time. Value: 5.391247×10⁻⁴⁴ s.
- saturnMass → const Mass
- Saturn mass. Value: 5.683×10²⁶ kg.
- saturnRadius → const Length
- Saturn radius (equatorial). Value: 6.0268×10⁷ m. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.
- siderealDay → const Time
- Earth's rotational period (sidereal day). Value: 86164.0905 s ≈ 23h 56m 4s.
- siderealYear → const Time
- Earth's orbital period (sidereal year). Value: 3.155815×10⁷ s ≈ 365.256 days.
- solarConstant → const double
-
Solar constant.
The mean solar electromagnetic radiation per unit area that would be incident
on a plane perpendicular to the rays, at a distance of one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun.
Value: ~1361 W/m².
Note: This would ideally be an
Irradiancequantity (Power/Area). - solarEffectiveTemperature → const Temperature
- Solar effective temperature. Value: 5778 K.
- solarLuminosity → const Power
- Solar luminosity (L☉). Value: 3.828×10²⁶ W.
- solarMass → const Mass
- Solar mass (M☉). Value: 1.98847×10³⁰ kg.
- solarMassSchwarzschildRadius → const Length
- Schwarzschild radius of a solar mass black hole. Value: 2.954×10³ m ≈ 2.95 km.
- solarRadius → const Length
- Solar radius (R☉). Value: 6.957×10⁸ m.
- standardGravity → const Acceleration
- Standard gravity (g₀). Value: 9.80665 m/s² (exact by definition).
- uranusMass → const Mass
- Uranus mass. Value: 8.681×10²⁵ kg.
- uranusRadius → const Length
- Uranus radius (equatorial). Value: 2.5559×10⁷ m. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.
- venusMass → const Mass
- Venus mass. Value: 4.867×10²⁴ kg.
- venusRadius → const Length
- Venus radius (mean). Value: 6.0518×10⁶ m. Source: NASA Planetary Fact Sheet.