PhysicalConstants class

Fundamental physical constants with their respective units.

All constants are based on the 2018 CODATA recommended values and are defined as immutable static constants with appropriate Quantity types for type safety.

References:

Properties

hashCode int
The hash code for this object.
no setterinherited
runtimeType Type
A representation of the runtime type of the object.
no setterinherited

Methods

noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) → dynamic
Invoked when a nonexistent method or property is accessed.
inherited
toString() String
A string representation of this object.
inherited

Operators

operator ==(Object other) bool
The equality operator.
inherited

Static Methods

deBroglieWavelength(Mass mass, double velocityMeterPerSecond) Length
Calculates the de Broglie wavelength of a particle with a given Mass and velocity.
gravitationalForce(Mass mass1, Mass mass2, Length distance) Force
Calculates the gravitational force between two masses at a given distance.
lightSpeedDistance(Time time) Length
Calculates the distance light travels in a given Time.
massEnergyEquivalence(Mass mass) Energy
Calculates the energy equivalent of a Mass using E = mc².
photonEnergy(Length wavelength) Energy
Calculates the energy of a photon from its wavelength using E = hc/λ.
thermalEnergy(Temperature temperature) Energy
Calculates the thermal energy of a system at a given Temperature using E = kT.

Constants

alphaParticleMass → const Mass
Alpha particle mass. The mass of the nucleus of a helium-4 atom, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. Value: 6.6446573357×10⁻²⁷ kg. Source: CODATA 2018.
atomicMassConstant → const Mass
Atomic mass constant (mᵤ = 1 u). Value: 1.66053906660×10⁻²⁷ kg.
avogadroConstant → const double
Avogadro constant (Nₐ). Value: 6.02214076×10²³ mol⁻¹.
bohrMagneton → const double
Bohr magneton (μB). Value: 9.2740100783×10⁻²⁴ J/T. The magnetic moment of an electron caused by its orbital or spin angular momentum. Source: CODATA 2018. Note: This is a double as a EnergyPerMagneticFluxDensity quantity is not yet implemented.
bohrRadius → const Length
Bohr radius (a₀). Value: 5.29177210903×10⁻¹¹ m.
boltzmannConstant → const double
Boltzmann constant (k). Value: 1.380649×10⁻²³ J/K.
classicalElectronRadius → const Length
Classical electron radius (rₑ). Value: 2.8179403262×10⁻¹⁵ m.
deuteronMass → const Mass
Deuteron mass. The mass of the nucleus of a deuterium atom, consisting of one proton and one neutron. Value: 3.3435837724×10⁻²⁷ kg. Source: CODATA 2018.
electronChargeToMassRatio → const double
Electron charge-to-mass ratio (e/mₑ). Value: 1.75882001076×10¹¹ C/kg.
electronComptonWavelength → const Length
Compton wavelength of electron (λC). Value: 2.42631023867×10⁻¹² m.
electronMass → const Mass
Electron mass (mₑ). Value: 9.1093837015×10⁻³¹ kg.
electronRestEnergy → const Energy
Rest energy of an electron (mₑc²) as an Energy quantity. Value: 8.1871057769×10⁻¹⁴ J.
electronVolt → const Energy
Electron volt (eV) as an Energy quantity. Value: 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ J.
elementaryCharge → const ElectricCharge
The elementary charge (e) as an ElectricCharge quantity. Value: 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ C.
faradayConstant → const double
Faraday constant (F = Nₐ × e). Value: 96485.33212 C/mol. Represents the electric charge per mole of elementary charges. Source: CODATA 2018. Note: This is a double as a ChargePerMole quantity is not yet implemented.
fineStructureConstant → const double
Fine-structure constant (α). Value: 7.2973525693×10⁻³.
firstRadiationConstant → const double
First radiation constant (c₁). Value: 3.741771852×10⁻¹⁶ W⋅m².
gasConstant → const double
Gas constant (R = Nₐ × k). Value: 8.314462618 J/(mol⋅K).
gravitationalConstant → const double
Gravitational constant (G). Value: 6.67430×10⁻¹¹ m³/(kg⋅s²).
neutronMass → const Mass
Neutron mass (mₙ). Value: 1.67492749804×10⁻²⁷ kg.
nuclearMagneton → const double
Nuclear magneton (μN). Value: 5.0507837461×10⁻²⁷ J/T. A physical constant of magnetic moment for heavy particles like nucleons. Source: CODATA 2018. Note: This is a double as a EnergyPerMagneticFluxDensity quantity is not yet implemented.
planckConstant → const double
Planck constant (h). Value: 6.62607015×10⁻³⁴ J⋅s.
protonChargeToMassRatio → const double
Proton charge-to-mass ratio (e/mₚ). Value: 9.5788331560×10⁷ C/kg.
protonMass → const Mass
Proton mass (mₚ). Value: 1.67262192369×10⁻²⁷ kg.
protonRestEnergy → const Energy
Rest energy of a proton (mₚc²) as an Energy quantity. Value: 1.50327759787×10⁻¹⁰ J.
reducedPlanckConstant → const double
Reduced Planck constant (ℏ = h/2π). Value: 1.054571817×10⁻³⁴ J⋅s.
rydbergEnergy → const Energy
Rydberg energy as an Energy quantity. Value: 2.1798723611035×10⁻¹⁸ J.
secondRadiationConstant → const double
Second radiation constant (c₂). Value: 1.438776877×10⁻² m⋅K.
speedOfLight → const Speed
Speed of light in vacuum (c). Exact value: 299,792,458 m/s.
stefanBoltzmannConstant → const double
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ). Value: 5.670374419×10⁻⁸ W/(m²⋅K⁴).
vacuumPermeability → const double
Vacuum permeability (μ₀). Value: 4π×10⁻⁷ H/m.
vacuumPermittivity → const double
Vacuum permittivity (ε₀ = 1/(μ₀c²)). Value: 8.8541878128×10⁻¹² F/m.
wienDisplacementConstant → const double
Wien displacement law constant (b). Value: 2.897771955×10⁻³ m⋅K.